Data from a specific time and location can be selected in a number of ways and a few of them are described below
For step-by-step examples and a more thorough explanation of the data selection options, see Part II of the Data Library Tutorial.
Finding data for a specific station(s) or locations
From the main dataset page for each dataset, such as this one for the GHCN, you can...
If the dataset is gridded, such as this one for the the Reanalysis monthly soil temperature, you should select the "Data Selection" link in the table at the top of the page. You can then enter the lat/lon limits of your desired region in the Setting Ranges table, click "Restrict Ranges", and then click "Stop Selecting" when you are satisfied with your selections.
If you are looking for data from more than one station, then you can enter lat/lon limits in the Search table and some Search Tables even offer you the option to search by country.
It is often easiest to select your desired time period after selecting the data variable in which you are interested. For example, from the main dataset page for GHCN mean temperature data, you can...
Click on the "Data Selection" link in the table at the top of the page. You can then select your desired time period. For best results, enter the text in format of the text already in the box. Then click "Restrict Ranges" and then "Stop Selecting" when you are satisified with your data limits.